Social Security provides a significant number of retirement benefits, the biggest being a growing income stream that you can’t outlive. So you won’t face the danger that you’ll run out of money in your golden years when you aren’t working for a living. The downside is that for all but the most frugal Americans Social Security alone simply won’t be enough to retire on comfortably.
The Social Security Administration says the program should replace about 40% of your pre-retirement income. In short, you’ll need more income to maintain your standard of living. That’s why it’s absolutely vital to set up alternative income streams for retirement — here’s how.
Social Security won’t be enough — What to do instead
Despite such warnings, many Americans are woefully underprepared for retirement. According to various studies conducted by the Social Security Administration, between 20% and 25% of Americans aged 65 or older received at least 90% of their income from Social Security. With the average Social Security retirement check in December 2023 of $1,905, retirees have to pay Medicare premiums as well as other living expenses, which have been soaring in the last few years. It’s a tough road, even if you’re able to avoid taxes on your benefit.
“Social Security was never set up to fully fund someone’s retirement — it was just set up to hedge the risk of a retirement shortfall,” says Eric Bond, president of Bond Wealth Management in Long Beach. “For many Americans, Social Security is the only guaranteed income stream they’ll have in retirement. This means it’s more crucial than ever before to have multiple streams of income in retirement.”
But a recent Bankrate survey revealed that 56% of American workers — including 69% of Generation X — have insufficient savings, meaning the need for retirement income is great. While Gen X is just on the cusp of retirement, most feel they’re nowhere near prepared.
Certainly, workers can try to maximize their Social Security benefits through smart planning.
“Many people can benefit from waiting until 70 to collect Social Security since it is the only government-guaranteed, inflation-protected income source,” says David A. Schneider, CFP, president of Schneider Wealth Strategies in the New York City area.
Schneider points to the fact that filing for benefits early can hurt your monthly payout, while waiting to claim after full retirement age can boost your benefit 8% a year. The upshot: If you claim at age 62, you can earn a check that’s just 70% of your full retirement benefit, while if you wait, you can boost your payout to about 124% of your full benefit.
But even with a maximum Social Security benefit, retirees will still need alternative income. Here are five ways to set up retirement income and four key accounts to use to do so.
5 accounts to use for retirement income
Retirement savers have five key accounts for building income, often with tax advantages that can help them build wealth faster, though you may have access to other top retirement plans.
401(k)
The 401(k) is an employer-sponsored account that allows you to invest in potentially high-return assets such as stocks and stock funds. With a 401(k) you’ll avoid taxes on any earnings while the money is in the account. Then when you withdraw the money in retirement, after age 59 ½, you’ll pay taxes in the traditional 401(k) while avoiding them completely in the Roth 401(k).
For public sector employees, the equivalent of the 401(k) is the 403(b) program.
IRA
An IRA is an account open to any working American even if they already have another plan. An IRA lets you invest in an even wider selection of potentially high-return assets such as stocks, stock funds, bonds and many other securities. With an IRA you can avoid taxes on earnings while the money is in the account. When you withdraw money in retirement, at age 59 ½ or later, you’ll pay taxes on money from the traditional IRA and avoid them fully in the Roth IRA.
Brokerage account
Even a regular, after-tax brokerage account can help you amass money for retirement, though the account itself doesn’t offer any tax advantages. Still, you can invest in potentially high-return securities such as stocks and stocks funds. You’ll owe taxes on any dividends you receive in the account, though you won’t owe taxes on your capital gains until you sell the security. That means you could hold investments for decades and not owe capital gains taxes.
Annuity
An annuity is another type of account that can be set up through an insurance company. The key benefit of an annuity is that it can pay you lifetime income, meaning you won’t run out of income, and it may offer other insurance-like benefits. You can set up an annuity so that you receive a fixed rate of return or one that depends on the earnings of the annuity’s investments.
“Annuities can be complex — there’s several options to consider, each with their own unique set of rules — so you really need to understand annuities before you get into them,” says Bond.
Health savings accounts (HSAs)
While health savings accounts were established to pay for healthcare expenses, they can also function as a way to save for retirement, and many financial advisers put HSAs near the top of the list for retirement savings. An HSA offers you a triple tax break:
—In an HSA you can save with pre-tax money, meaning you can skip the tax on your contributions.
—The money can compound tax-free inside the HSA.
—Finally, you can withdraw the money tax-free if you use it for healthcare expenses.
But if you wait until age 65, the HSA effectively becomes like a traditional IRA. At that time the money can be withdrawn and used for any purpose while paying only ordinary income taxes. So for savvy savers and those who don’t need to use the funds, the HSA can function as an additional retirement account and you may even be able to invest in high-return assets.
5 ways to set up alternative income streams
Inside the account types above — with the exception of the annuity, which itself is an income stream — you can invest in securities that can produce income for you. You have two main strategies here to get an income stream:
—Current income now: If you need the highest current income today — if you’re a retiree now, for example — you can invest in income-paying securities such as bonds, bond ETFs and preferred stocks. In exchange for more yield today, you’ll be sacrificing growth later, but it can be worth the trade-off if you’re really under pressure for income.
—Growing income for later: If you can afford to wait for income, you can potentially grow your income much more while even having more wealth. This approach works well with dividend-paying stocks and S&P 500 funds, where yields are lower today but should grow over time. This approach likely leads to more total wealth for you.
But it’s critical that you understand how taxes affect these strategies. Whenever you receive income such as dividends or interest, you’ll owe tax on that income unless it’s received inside a tax-advantaged account. On the other hand, if you focus on income for later, you may be able to grow your wealth without having to pay taxes on much of your gains, even in a taxable account.
“It’s crucial that you talk with your tax preparer along with your financial professional as you determine your retirement income plan to ensure you have an eye on the tax implications of your various income streams,” says Bond.
Here are five key securities for setting up your alternative income stream.
Bonds
Bonds are the classic example of an “income now” strategy. Your total return for a bond is typically the interest rate paid by the bond’s issuer, and when the bond matures you’ll get your principal back. You can use your income from the bond to pay your expenses, or you can reinvest into other bonds, as you like. If you’d prefer not to buy individual bonds, you can purchase a bond fund and enjoy the reduced risk due to diversification.
Bonds or bond ETFs may be a better fit for tax-advantaged accounts, given that interest is the key part of their total return.
Dividend stocks
Dividend stocks may offer a bit of both worlds, some income today and the potential for capital gains and a higher dividend later. The trade-off is that income received from the dividend stock today is likely to be lower than what you could receive from an income-only investment such as a bond. But if you’re able to be patient, you’re likely to have a more powerful income stream, since the best dividend stocks can grow their payouts for decades, boosting your income later.
If you’d prefer to not pick individual stocks, it’s easy to purchase a top dividend-paying fund. You can enjoy a yield that’s likely to grow while having increased safety due to diversification. Dividend stocks may be a better fit for tax-advantaged accounts, given the payout.
Preferred stocks
Despite the name, preferred stock acts more like a bond than stock. Preferred stock pays income at a specified rate and may have a maturity like a bond, so it functions more like an “income now” strategy. The payouts on preferred stock may be higher than typical bond yields, and they may also be eligible for lower tax rates, depending on the exact security.
For a lower-risk way to invest in preferred stocks, search for the best preferred stock funds. Because of their high income, preferred stocks may be better in tax-advantaged accounts.
Real estate investment trusts (REITs)
REITs are popular with investors looking for income today and some growth later. REITs own real estate inside a tax-advantaged structure, so as long as the company pays out most of its cash flow to shareholders, it pays no corporate tax. REITs have a strong, long-term track record, and they’re popular with many older investors due to their larger payouts.
Investors here may want to turn to a top diversified REIT fund rather than analyze and invest in individual names. Because of their payouts, REITs may work better in tax-advantaged accounts.
S&P 500 index funds
An index fund based on the Standard & Poor’s 500 index contains hundreds of America’s top companies and is focused more on growth than paying dividends today. It can be a great vehicle for those looking to build wealth and while its dividend is small today, it can grow massively with enough time. So an S&P 500 fund is a great strategy for those looking to build income later.
The best S&P 500 funds are a good fit for taxable and tax-advantaged accounts. Because the dividend is a relatively small part of the total return, investors won’t be sacrificing too much return in a taxable account, and they won’t be hit with capital gains taxes until they sell anyway. Of course, inside a tax-advantaged account, you can avoid the drag from taxes.
Bottom line
Retirement savers need to establish alternative income streams for themselves, because they can’t rely on Social Security to maintain their standard of living. Those who start early — ideally as soon as they begin their working years — will have the chance to build a powerful income stream that can propel them through their golden years.
Editorial Disclaimer: All investors are advised to conduct their own independent research into investment strategies before making an investment decision. In addition, investors are advised that past investment product performance is no guarantee of future price appreciation.
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